Structural Engineers Sound Alarm on Earthquake Risks in Key Nigerian Cities
The Nigerian Institution of Structural Engineers has issued a stark warning about the country's susceptibility to earthquake-related destruction, specifically highlighting the urban centers of Lagos, Ibadan, Abeokuta, and Benin as areas under significant threat. This alert comes amid growing concerns over inadequate construction practices and the potential for seismic activity to impact these densely populated regions.
Vulnerability of Buildings and Seismic Threats
Olushola Sanni, a former President of the institution, emphasized that many structures in Nigeria have been erected without proper engineering oversight or consideration for earthquake forces. He pointed out that recent global seismic events demonstrate how earthquake vibrations can traverse hundreds of kilometers, leading to widespread damage and public panic. Sanni clarified that while Nigeria is generally classified as a low-risk zone for earthquakes, it is not entirely immune to seismic activity, and the current lack of earthquake-resistant design in buildings poses a serious risk to human lives.
Launch of Seismic Design Guidelines
In response to these dangers, the institution plans to introduce guidelines for the seismic design of buildings in Lagos on April 16, 2026. These guidelines will align with international best practices, aiming to enhance structural safety. Sanni stressed that earthquakes do not respect national borders, and distance from an epicenter does not ensure safety. He warned against complacency, noting that the absence of major earthquakes in recent years should not foster a false sense of security among Nigerians.
Regional Seismic Connections and Soil Amplification
Sanni cited examples from Ghana, where several earthquakes have been recorded, particularly around Accra, to illustrate the broader seismic risks in West Africa. He explained that geological formations along the West African coast extend across country boundaries, meaning that seismic energy from that region could potentially affect southwestern Nigeria. Cities like Lagos, Ibadan, Abeokuta, and Benin City, which are often built on soft soils, could experience intensified shaking if seismic waves reach them, amplifying the potential for damage.
Call for Earthquake-Resistant Design and Safety Measures
To mitigate these risks, Sanni advocated for the adoption of earthquake-resistant design guidelines and urged Nigerians to prioritize building safety. He stated that the new guidelines will provide simplified design procedures for engineers, helping to bring Nigerian engineering practices in line with global safety standards. Key recommendations for safer structures include balanced structural layouts, robust connections, and proper reinforcement detailing, all of which are essential for withstanding seismic forces.
This warning serves as a critical reminder for policymakers, engineers, and the public to take proactive steps in addressing seismic vulnerabilities and ensuring the resilience of Nigeria's built environment.
