President Bola Ahmed Tinubu has called on media owners and executives to hold state and local governments accountable with the same vigor they apply to the federal government. This directive touches on the core constitutional responsibility of the media as the fourth estate of the realm, as enshrined in Section 22 of the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria.
The Focus on Federal Government
Citizens and accountability agencies often concentrate on the Federal Government due to its role as the initiator and driver of national policies. However, all three tiers of government are constitutionally mandated to ensure the welfare and economic well-being of Nigerians.
During a recent meeting with media stakeholders, President Tinubu emphasized the need for the media to hold subnational governments accountable. While the media already performs this function, there is room for improvement.
Revenue Allocation and Responsibilities
The Federal Government receives 52.68 percent of federation revenue, while states get 26.72 percent and local governments 20.6 percent. Despite increased allocations since the removal of fuel subsidies, many states fail to deliver adequate services due to misappropriation and mismanagement.
In 2024, states received approximately N5.22 trillion. Monthly disbursements through the Federation Account Allocation Committee (FAAC) now range between N2 trillion and N3 trillion. For instance, in July and August 2025, FAAC distributed N4.33 trillion and N3.83 trillion respectively.
Challenges in Accountability
Governors often prioritize personal interests over public welfare, while state assemblies, tasked with oversight, are frequently weak or complicit. The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) is investigating 18 governors, but Section 308 of the Constitution grants immunity from prosecution to presidents, vice presidents, governors, and their deputies while in office.
This immunity delays justice, allowing evidence tampering and witness manipulation. Additionally, the federal government's tendency to overlook misdeeds of governors who join the ruling party undermines anti-corruption efforts.
The Media's Role
The media must not be overshadowed by the federal government's prominence. It should scrutinize state and local governments where substantial resources are allocated. Civil society organizations must also monitor subnational activities.
True federalism would enhance accountability. States need to generate their own revenue and move beyond being mere cost centers. Political parties should ensure governors implement manifestos focused on citizen welfare. Agriculture, in particular, deserves greater attention from state governments.
