Lord George Robertson, a former Nato secretary general and key government advisor, has urged the British government to reintroduce mandatory national service, citing threats from Russia and Iran. Speaking before the National Security Strategy committee on April 27, Robertson advocated for a Swedish-style system that would require all residents aged 16 to 70 to participate in civil defence roles.
Swedish Model as Blueprint
Sweden's total defence duty system includes military conscription, civilian duties such as rescue, childcare, and healthcare, and general national service activities during war or crisis. The country reintroduced mandatory gender-neutral conscription in 2017, replacing a voluntary professional military service that had been in place since 2010. Robertson argued that the UK's current approach is insufficient given the evolving threat landscape.
Historical Context in the UK
Britain previously enforced peacetime conscription from 1949 to 1963, requiring all able-bodied men aged 17 to 21 to serve in the British Army, Navy, or RAF. Over two million men participated during the height of the Cold War. Robertson noted that while a compulsory service model may seem contrary to British traditions, the nature of modern threats necessitates a whole-of-society response.
Comparisons with Other European Nations
Finland maintains conscription for men over 18, with options for civil or military service and penalties for refusal. Germany voted in 2024 to introduce voluntary military service, requiring men over 18 to complete an online questionnaire. Austria mandates six months of military or nine months of civilian service for men over 18. Robertson emphasized that the UK should consider similar measures to enhance civilian resilience.
Government Response
Robertson expressed disappointment that a proposed defence readiness bill, which would involve society as a whole, was not included in the upcoming King's Speech. He stressed that such ideas must remain on the agenda to address the growing threats from state actors like Russia and Iran.
